Sun Solaris aka {'Oracle Solaris'} Support Tips: 2010

Usage of Uadmin command.

What are all the options we can use  to uadmin.

This command should not use for normal purpose. its special command for internal purpose.

Refer man page for information.


uadmin 2 0 sync the filesystems and drops system to ok prompt
uadmin 2 1 sync the filesystems and reboots to multi-user mode 
uadmin 2 2 sync the filesystems and reboots interactively                   
uadmin 2 3 sync the filesystems and reboots to single-user mode 
uadmin 2 6 sync the filesystems and powers off the system

uadmin 1 0 do not sync filesystems and drops system to ok prompt
uadmin 1 1 do not sync filesystems and reboots to multi-user mode 
uadmin 1 2 do not sync filesystems and reboots interactively                   
uadmin 1 3 do not sync filesystems and reboots to single-user mode 
uadmin 1 6 do not sync filesystems and powers off the system

World Wide Name (WWN) are unique 8 byte (64-bit) identifiers in SCSI or fibre channel similar to that of MAC Addresses on a Network Interface Card (NIC).
Talking about the WWN names, there are also
World Wide port Name (WWpN), a WWN assigned to a port on a Fabric which is what you would be looking for most of the time.
World Wide node Name (WWnN), a WWN assigned to a node/device on a Fibre Channel fabric.

To find the WWN numbers of your HBA card in Sun Solaris, you can use one the following procedures

For Solaris 10 :Below all commnads will provide you WWN #'s

# fcinfo hba-port      {OR}

# prtconf -vp | grep -i wwn    {OR}

# scli -i   {OR}
# prtpicl -v | grep wwn
# luxadm -e port ( get the full device_path)

   #luxadm -e dump_map /devices/pci@6000/pci@0/pci@7/SUNW,qlc@0/fp@0,0:devctl
# If its third party card, use to install the driver and run the commands, (ex: lpfc tool)

For Solaris 8/9
All commands as above except fcinfo,

Kindly post if anyone has different ways to get.

Thanks

GRUB Boot Archive With SVM troubleshoot - Useful

GRUB Boot Archive With SVM, A Better Approach

By Julien Gabel

In a previous discussion about the GRUB boot archive and how it can be regenerated in Failsafe mode, I mentioned that it will not be as easy as it can be when the root file system use the md driver. I previously show a method to do this which necessitate to unmirror one or more file systems when the root file system is build upon a SVM mirror. This was not very optimal since a lot of of manipulations are involved, which may lead to human error(s), and may seems to be a little complicated.
This method was build on Performing System Recovery from the Solaris Volume Manager official documentation, which show up last month on the Sun-Managers mailing list.
Note: Although this test case was done using Solaris 10 10/08 under a virtual machine build upon VirtualBox on latest OpenSolaris release, the instructions must be valid for Solaris 10 1/06 and later.

Initial setup

As we saw before, the system use only a root file system, and a swap device. Both are encapsulated with SVM:

# df -k -F ufs
Filesystem     kbytes    used   avail capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md/dsk/d0 6147798 3455578 2630743      57%  /
# swap -l
swapfile             dev  swaplo blocks   free
/dev/md/dsk/d1      85,1       8 4194288 4194288
# metastat -c d0 d1
d0               m  6.0GB d10 d20
    d10          s  6.0GB c0d0s0
    d20          s  6.0GB c1d1s0
d1               m  2.0GB d11 d21
    d11          s  2.0GB c0d0s1
    d21          s  2.0GB c1d1s1

Regenerate the GRUB boot archive

The idea is to boot on the GRUB Failsafe mode, get the md configuration from local root file system, and load manually the md module, hence properly configured. The main advantage is to be fully self hosted from the Failsafe mode, and not have to manipulate SVM more than necessary, especially when breaking the mirror, loosing redundancy for a time.

[...]
Booting to milestone "milestone/single-user:default".
Configuring devices.
Searching for installed OS instances...
/dev/dsk/c0d0s0 is under md control, skipping.
/dev/dsk/c1d1s0 is under md control, skipping.
No installed OS instance found.

Starting shell.
# mount -F ufs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0d0s0 /a
# cp -p /a/kernel/drv/md.conf /kernel/drv
# umount /a
# update_drv -f md
devfsadm: mkdir failed for /dev 0x1ed: Read-only file system
# metainit -r
# metasync d0
# fsck /dev/md/rdsk/d0
# mount -F ufs /dev/md/dsk/d0 /a
# bootadm update-archive -R /a
# umount /a
# reboot

Really interesting!

Source & Find more info at http://blog.thilelli.net/tag/SVM

Solaris Common System Admin Info - I

1, SUN Free Software
In http://www.sunfreeware.com find "ready-to-use software for SUN Solaris, such as TOP, AMANDA, GCC, GDB, etc.

2, Backup a OS Filesystem
$ Init 0
OK boot-s
$ Fsck-m / dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 (and other file systems)
$ Tar cvf / dev/rmt/0l

3, Packages info

3a, Displays the installed packages
$ Pkginfo or Pkginfo -l SUNWexplo

3b, Check if package is installed correct SUNWexplo
$ Pkgchk -v SUNWexplo

3c, Package install
$ Pkgadd -d /vat/tmp/ SUNWexplo

3d, Removing package SUNWexplo
$ Pkgrm SUNWexplo

4, OBP Useful commands

OK boot-s ---->single user mode boot
OK boot-r ----> Force kernel to rebuild devices/packages after addition of new hardware
OK boot-v ----> verbose mode to veiw Boot Process
OK probe-scsi ----> Probe SCSI devices
OK show-devs ----> List System Devices
OK show-nets ----> Show network devices
OK apply watch-net Full_path_name_hme_interface ----> Monitoring Network Activity
OK eeprom ttya-mode = 38400.8, n, 1, h ----> changing variables

5, Solaris Hardware Configuration/information
$ /usr/sbin/prtconf

Setting UID/GID for file/folder

When setuid (set-user identification) permission is set on an executable file or any ile, a process that runs this file is granted access based on the owner of the file (usually root), rather than the user who created the process. This permission enables a user to access files and directories that are normally available only to the owner.

The setuid permission is shown as an "s" in the file permissions.
# ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 admin other 54 Aug 8 01:43 pss.sh
# chmod 4554 pss.sh
#ls -l pss.sh
-r-sr-xr-- 1 admin other 54 Aug 8 01:43 pss.sh
You setuid permissions by using the chmod command to assign the octal value 4 as the first number in a series of four octal values

setgid Permission :
The setgid (set-group identification) permission is similar to setuid, except that the effective group ID for the process is changed to the group owner of the file and a user is granted access based on permissions granted to that group. The pss.sh program has setgid permissions:

# chmod 2554 pss.sh
# ls -l
-r-xr-sr-- 1 admin other 54 Aug 8 01:43 pss.sh
You can set setgid permissions by using the chmod command to assign the octal value 2 as the first number in a series of four octal values.

If you need to use both UID and GID on same file.follow below
# chmod 4554 pss.sh
# chmod g+s pss.sh
# ls -l
-r-sr-sr-- 1 admin other 54 Aug 8 01:43 pss.sh

Both files are enabled for UID/GID.

How to know which file belongs to solaris pkg

Determine Which Package a Particular File Belongs To - (Sun Solaris)
Use the pkgchk command, which package a particular file belongs to.

The syntax is:
# /usr/sbin/pkgchk -l -p /absolute/path/todir

For example,
# pkgchk -l -p /usr/bin/uuencode
Pathname: /usr/bin/uuencode
Type: regular file
Expected mode: 0555
Expected owner: root
Expected group: uucp
Expected file size (bytes): 6880
Expected sum(1) of contents: 43674
Expected last modification: Jan 05 06:51:49 PM 2000
Referenced by the following packages:
SUNWesu
Current status: installed

[ OR ]

You can also simply query the packages as follows:

# grep /usr/bin/uuencode /var/sadm/install/contents
/usr/bin/uuencode f none 0555 root uucp 6880 43674 947116309 SUNWesu

unix shell differences

This table below lists most features that I think would make you
choose one shell over another. It is not intended to be a definitive
list and does not include every single possible feature for every
single possible shell. A feature is only considered to be in a shell
if in the version that comes with the operating system, or if it is
available as compiled directly from the standard distribution. In
particular the C shell specified below is that available on SUNOS 4.*,
a considerable number of vendors now ship either tcsh or their own
enhanced C shell instead (they don't always make it obvious that they
are shipping tcsh.

Code:

	sh	csh	ksh	bash	tcsh	zsh	rc	es

Job control	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N

Aliases	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N

Shell functions	Y(1)	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y

"Sensible" Input/Output redirection	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y

Directory stack	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	F	F

Command history	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	L	L

Command line editing	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	L	L

Vi Command line editing	N	N	Y	Y	Y(3)	Y	L	L

Emacs Command line editing	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	L	L

Rebindable Command line editing	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	L	L

User name look up	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	L	L

Login/Logout watching	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	F	F

Filename completion	N	Y(1)	Y	Y	Y	Y	L	L

Username completion	N	Y(2)	Y	Y	Y	Y	L	L

Hostname completion	N	Y(2)	Y	Y	Y	Y	L	L

History completion	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	L	L

Fully programmable Completion	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N

Mh Mailbox completion	N	N	N	N(4)	N(6)	N(6)	N	N

Co Processes	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N

Builtin artithmetic evaluation	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N

Can follow symbolic links invisibly	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N

Periodic command execution	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N

Custom Prompt (easily)	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y

Sun Keyboard Hack	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N

Spelling Correction	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N

Process Substitution	N	N	N	Y(2)	N	Y	Y	Y

Underlying Syntax	sh	csh	sh	sh	csh	sh	rc	rc

Freely Available	N	N	N(5)	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y

Checks Mailbox	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	F	F

Tty Sanity Checking	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N

Can cope with large argument lists	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y

Has non-interactive startup file	N	Y	Y(7)	Y(7)	Y	Y	N	N

Has non-login startup file	N	Y	Y(7)	Y	Y	Y	N	N

Can avoid user startup files	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y

Can specify startup file	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N

Low level command redefinition	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y

Has anonymous functions	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y

List Variables	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y

Full signal trap handling	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y

File no clobber ability	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	F

Local variables	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y

Lexically scoped variables	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y

Exceptions	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y

Key to the table above.

Y Feature can be done using this shell.

N Feature is not present in the shell.

F Feature can only be done by using the shells function
mechanism.

L The readline library must be linked into the shell to enable
this Feature.

Notes to the table above

1. This feature was not in the orginal version, but has since become

almost standard.

2. This feature is fairly new and so is often not found on many

versions of the shell, it is gradually making its way into

standard distribution.

3. The Vi emulation of this shell is thought by many to be

incomplete.

4. This feature is not standard but unoffical patches exist to

perform this.

5. A version called 'pdksh' is freely available, but does not have

the full functionality of the AT&T version.

6. This can be done via the shells programmable completion mechanism.

7. Only by specifing a file via the ENV environment variable.

Calculate Your Swap Space

Multiply the Blocks column by 512

# swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s1 32,1 8 2104504 2104504
#

2104504 * 512 = 1077MB

check what shell you're running with

check what shell you're running
$ pargs $$

It reports current shell and previous shell

List of commands - process Management

pargs ---> Get list of arguments and environment variables with which process was started
pfiles ---> List of file descriptors, associated with process
pgrep ---> Get the pid's of processes by name i.e. Something like ps efl|grep v grep|grep process_name
pkill ---> Send signal to process. For example pkill 9 init :p
pldd ---> List dynamic libraries, associated with process, similar to ldd for executable
pmap ---> Get memory map (segments) of process
preap ---> Try to kickoff zombie process
prstat ---> Fullscreen view of processes sorted by different criteria, similar to linux top command
prun ---> Continue hold with pstop process
ps --->Print process information and status. In solaris exist sysv and bsd variants, respectively /usr/bin/ps and /usr/ucb/ps
psig ---> List signals that can be handled by process
pstack ---> Get backtrace stack of process for debugging purposes
pstop ---> Temporary hold process
ptree ---> Print the tree of processes
pwait ---> Wait till process finish
pwdx ---> List working directory for process, like pwd command
plockstat ---> See list of locked by process files. Lock can be mutex i.e. Exclusive and reader/writer for shared access
apptrace ---> For tracing library calls
dtrace ---> Debugger, new in version 10
truss ---> For tracing user/library/system calls and signals

How to view the memory usage?

way 1 :
# echo "::memstat" | mdb -k

Way 2:
prstat -a -s rss